Despite being a hot research topic, sleep science continues to amaze us. It’s the point where the trio of psychology, neurology, and wellness overlap, leading to a phenomenon that’s so crucial for our mental and physical health. Despite the significance, some are too afraid or anxious to sleep. This unusual phobia, often termed sleep anxiety or somniphobia, is real and carries the potential to destroy lives if not treated in time.
Experiencing high levels of anxiety now and then is typical. Throughout the day, you may go through one or more stressful situations provoking feelings of fear, worry, or nervousness. But these symptoms are particularly prevalent during sleep anxiety at bedtime, making it difficult to fall asleep no matter how tired or exhausted someone is. With anxiety affecting sleep in the long run, multiple issues related to emotional regulation, immunity, metabolism, and decision-making may arise, directly reducing the quality of life.
In this article, find out more about sleep anxiety, what causes it, and how to overcome it.
Insomnia and other serious sleep disturbances have been widely recognized as common symptoms of anxiety. People with this underlying psychiatric disorder are often plagued with worry and often ruminate about their concerns in bed. As a result, their anxiety levels skyrocket close to bedtime, and this state of mental hyperarousal has been identified as a critical factor in sleep disturbances. Moreover, people with anxiety disorders also have higher sleep reactivity, which means they are more likely to have sleeping difficulties while facing stress.
Stressing out about falling asleep is a factor leading to disturbed sleep, and this distress gives rise to sleep anxiety that reinforces an individual’s preoccupation and sense of dread. Moreover, the negative thoughts they experience about going to bed also create challenges in developing a healthy sleep schedule. Even if such people can fall asleep, they often wake up with severe anxiety in the middle of the night and getting back to bed becomes a challenge for them. The situation often leads to sleep fragmentation that reduces the quality and quantity of sleep.
Several connections have been found between a lack of sleep and anxiety. Research indicates that pre-sleep rumination and anxiety can negatively affect REM sleep, a stage of sleep that involves vivid dreaming. High anxiety levels just before bed can provoke disturbing dreams leading to sleep disturbances. These nightmares, in turn, reinforce negative associations and fear around going to bed.
Interestingly, the association between anxiety and sleep deprivation go both ways. While anxiety fuels sleeping issues, the latter can also instigate or worsen the former. Researchers believe that people vulnerable to anxiety are usually more sensitive to the side effects of a lack of sleep which can quickly provoke or exacerbate the anxiety symptoms.
The exact symptoms of sleep anxiety may vary from one person to another. These symptoms usually begin at night, close to bedtime, and may include the following:
Physical
- Fast heart rate
- Shortness of breath
- Palpitations
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Sweating
- Shaking
- Chest pain
- Rapid heartbeat
Cognitive
- Fear of losing control
- Altered sense of reality
- Fear of negative evaluation from others
- Fear of physical injury
- Poor concentration
- Confusion
Behavioral
- Agitation
- Bedtime avoidance
- Freezing
- Pacing
- Nervousness
- Frustration
- Edginess
- Tension
Sleep
- Inability to get comfortable
- Repeated tossing and turning
- Troubling falling or staying asleep
Practicing a good sleep routine can significantly ease the symptoms of sleep anxiety for most people. Keep the following tips in mind to follow good sleep hygiene:
Exercise regularly
Exercise has been found to improve sleep and lower anxiety. However, do not try to engage in any exercise before going to sleep as it may have the opposite effect on sleep. Prefer hitting the gym in the morning or afternoon to regulate the sleep-wake cycle and manage sleep anxiety.
Change your environment
Control the amount of light and sound that enters your room to get a restful sleep through the night. As a rule, a darker, quieter, and cooler room can increase your chances of calming down an anxious mind and falling asleep. If possible, take a relaxing bath or a shower shortly before bedtime to lower your body temperature and transition into slumber more easily.
Limit caffeine and
Drinking too much or caffeine or consuming it too close to bedtime can increase anxiety and hinder sleep. Make sure to have your last cup of coffee before 4 in the evening and limit the amount of you have at night. Keep the body hydrated if you regularly use or caffeinated drinks.
Relax your mind
Many relaxation techniques have been proven to relax your mind throughout the day and improve sleep at night. Some activities to try in this context include meditation, breathing exercises, and yoga. Even if you cannot practice these techniques every day, simply taking a walk down the neighborhood and breathing in the fresh air can calm the mind and relax a racing mind.
Reduce screen time
Gadgets of all types, including tablets, TV, and phones, emit a specific type of light rays that keep the human brain wide awake. Checking email on your phone or working just before going to bed can also trigger anxious thoughts in some people, making it difficult to calm down the brain. Hence, avoid using these gadgets at least one hour before bedtime. Alternatively, consider reading a book or listening to music to quiet the mind and prepare it for sleep.
Ask for help
Managing anxious thoughts and worry and improving sleep can sometimes become more complicated than exercising every day or turning off your phone at night. If you feel like your sleep anxiety is getting out of control and nothing you do can manage it, do not hesitate to seek help from an expert.
If you think you or someone you love is suffering from sleep anxiety that negatively impacts your life, seeks help from a mental health professional for a proper diagnosis and the right kind of support. These mental health professionals are adequately trained to curate an action plan for improving sleep and controlling an anxious mind at night. This action plan usually includes therapy, medication, or a combination of two.
Some common elements of most sleep anxiety treatment programs are mentioned below:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is a popular therapy used by therapists to help clients address the negative connotations they associate with sleep at night. With this therapy, clients can have a chance to take a step back, identify how their negative beliefs and thought patterns are making them feel anxious, and learn ways to manage them healthily.
If appropriately applied, CBT also helps them recognize the fears that clients hold around sleep. It also equips them with tools to reframe their mindset so that these fears can have less of an impact on their rest.
Exposure Therapy
Once clients have developed coping strategies to deal with sleep anxiety, they are usually encouraged to think about naps, deep sleep, and sleep without feeling anxious. Known as exposure therapy, this method helps individuals reduce their anxiety and fear around sleep. It also enables such people to practice their newly learned coping strategies to get a restful sleep at night.
Mindfulness
Many treatment programs include a holistic approach to managing sleep anxiety. These programs often use mindful meditation to quieten their fears and take charge of them. With mindfulness, such people learn how to identify an unhelpful thought, acknowledge it at the moment, and let it pass without letting it take hold of them.
Sleep anxiety is natural and can drastically impact life despite not being widely recognized. It can alter your ability to function normally and lead to poor physical health due to a consistent lack of sleep at night. If you or someone you know has been spending more and more time avoiding sleep or if you experience extreme anxiety every time you think about going to bed, talk to a mental health specialist today.
